Hair Loss Treatment

Hair loss is a common occurrence; a healthy person typically loses about 50–100 strands of hair per day, which is considered normal. However, it becomes a concern when you experience excessive hair loss, where the amount of "hair falling out" exceeds the "new hair growing in," causing the hair to look progressively thinner.

Hair loss can manifest in several ways, such as:

• Gradual thinning that becomes noticeable over time
• A receding hairline or a widening forehead
• Patchy or circular bald spots

Many people wonder what causes hair loss. There are several contributing factors, including:

• Genetics: Especially male or female pattern baldness.
• Hormonal changes: Such as fluctuations during pregnancy or menopause, which can trigger hair loss.
• Certain medications: Such as chemotherapy or blood thinners, which may cause hair loss as a side effect.
• Stress: Both physical and mental stress can disrupt the hair growth cycle, leading to increased shedding.
• Medical conditions: Such as thyroid disorders or certain autoimmune diseases.

For men, the most common type of hair loss is male pattern baldness, also known as male androgenetic alopecia (MAA), which can affect up to 80% of men during their lifetime. Statistics show that:

• Approximately 30% experience it by age 30.
• Approximately 50% experience it by age 50.
• Approximately 80% experience it by age 70.

Research also indicates that, on average, Caucasian men are about four times more likely to experience male pattern baldness than Black men, with the average onset typically occurring between the ages of 20–25.

Male pattern baldness progresses in "stages" that are usually quite predictable. Most cases begin with a receding hairline and thinning at the crown, which gradually becomes more distinct until it forms a "horseshoe" pattern around the head.

The most common tool for assessing male pattern baldness is the Hamilton-Norwood Scale, which categorizes hair loss into 8 stages, ranging from minor recession to extensive baldness.

The 8 Stages of the Hamilton-Norwood Scale

• Stage 1: Often called the "baseline stage" because there is no visible hair loss or receding hairline. it is used as a point of comparison for subsequent stages.
• Stage 2: The hairline begins to recede slightly, most noticeably around the temples. This is often referred to as an "adult" or "mature" hairline.
• Stage 3: Officially considered the start of "baldness" as hair loss becomes clearly visible. The hairline recedes further at the temples, creating an M, U, or V shape.
• Stage 3 Vertex: Similar to Stage 4, but with distinct thinning or a bald spot appearing at the crown (vertex).
• Stage 4: The hairline recedes further back, and the bald spot at the crown becomes more prominent, though a "bridge" of hair still separates the front hairline from the bald spot.
• Stage 5: The hairline continues to move backward, and the bridge of hair separating the crown and the front hairline becomes increasingly thin.
• Stage 6: Very little to no hair remains on the top of the head, though some hair may still be present on the sides.
• Stage 7: Hair loss begins to affect the sides more significantly, leaving only a thin, sparse band of hair around the head.

What are the Less Common Symptoms of Hair Loss?

In addition to increased shedding, thinning, and a receding hairline, less common symptoms may include:

• Patchy bald spots
• A burning or stinging sensation on the scalp
• Scalp itching
• Redness, swelling, or sores on the scalp that may itch or ooze pus
• Changes in the appearance of fingernails or toenails

Many people wonder what causes hair loss. In reality, there are several contributing factors, including:

Genetics

Male and female pattern baldness is often hereditary. Research shows that men are 5–6 times more likely to experience excessive hair loss if their father also had hair loss. However, multiple genes are involved, including those inherited from the mother's side.

Hormones

Changes in hormone levels, particularly estrogen and androgens, affect hair growth and can lead to hair loss. For example, in male pattern baldness, a hormone called DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)—a byproduct of testosterone—binds to androgen receptors and causes hair follicles to shrink. With each growth cycle, the follicles become smaller, resulting in hair that is shorter, thinner, and eventually leads to excessive hair loss.

Aging

Increasing age is a significant factor in hair loss. The natural aging process slows down follicle function, and combined with shifting hormone levels, this results in thinner hair and increased shedding.

Medical Conditions and Health Factors

Certain illnesses and treatments can cause hair loss, such as autoimmune diseases, thyroid disorders, stress, and specific medications. Conditions that may lead to hair loss include:

• Alopecia Areata: An autoimmune disease that causes patchy baldness. It occurs when the body's immune cells mistakenly attack the hair follicles.
• Thyroid Disorders: The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate many bodily functions, including hair growth. If thyroid hormones are too high or too low, it can affect hair health, leading to thinning or loss.
• Iron Deficiency: Insufficient iron intake can lead to a condition called Telogen Effluvium, which increases hair shedding. Many people ask what they should eat to combat excessive hair loss; the answer is to increase intake of iron-rich foods or consult a specialist for personalized advice.
• Stress: Stress can trigger temporary hair loss known as Telogen Effluvium, which causes a large number of hair follicles to enter the resting phase simultaneously, resulting in increased shedding over a short period.

There are several ways to manage thinning hair and excessive hair loss in men, depending on the cause and stage of the condition. Common methods include:

Topical Treatments and Shampoos

These are applied directly to the scalp and contain active ingredients such as Minoxidil, which is often the first-line choice for male pattern baldness. Research shows that users who applied it consistently for 48 weeks saw an increase in "hair density/scalp coverage" of approximately 60%, compared to about 23% in the group using a non-minoxidil product.

Caffeine Shampoo

Often used to help stimulate hair growth in those with thinning hair or shedding. It is believed to strengthen hair by stimulating the roots and is typically designed for long-term daily use.

Oral Medications (Prescription Only)

Prescription oral medications, such as those containing Finasteride, are commonly used for male pattern baldness and are considered highly effective. Data indicates that it can help "stop" hair loss in approximately 90% of men.

The primary mechanism is reducing DHT levels on the scalp and inhibiting the conversion of testosterone into DHT. This helps slow down hair loss, supports thicker-looking hair, and can stimulate regrowth in some individuals.

Dietary Supplements

Supplements can be helpful, especially when hair loss is related to nutritional deficiencies. Key nutrients include:

• Biotin (Vitamin B7): May help stimulate keratin production—the primary structural protein of hair—making hair appear thicker and stronger.
• Iron: Essential for the hair growth cycle as it helps transport oxygen to the hair follicles.
• Zinc: Involved in regulating DHT levels. Low zinc levels may lead to increased DHT production, which can result in more hair loss.

Hair Transplant

A hair transplant is a cosmetic procedure where hair is moved from a dense area to thinning or balding areas. The cost is relatively high and varies significantly depending on the severity of the condition, the method used, and the clinic.

Many people wonder what causes hair loss. In reality, there are several factors, including:

Genetics

Male and female pattern baldness is often inherited. Research shows that men are 5–6 times more likely to experience excessive hair loss if their father had hair loss. However, multiple genes are involved, including those inherited from the mother’s side.

Hormones

Changes in hormone levels, especially estrogen and androgens, affect hair growth and can cause hair loss. For example, in male pattern baldness, the hormone DHT (Dihydrotestosterone), a derivative of testosterone, binds to androgen receptors and causes hair follicles to shrink. With each hair growth cycle, the follicles become smaller, resulting in shorter, thinner hair and eventually leading to excessive hair loss.

Aging

Increasing age is a major factor in hair loss because the natural aging process slows follicle function. Combined with changing hormone levels, this leads to thinning hair and increased shedding.

Medical Conditions and Health Issues

Certain diseases and treatments can cause hair loss, such as autoimmune diseases, thyroid disorders, stress, and some medications. Conditions that may cause hair loss include:

• Alopecia Areata: An autoimmune disease causing patchy baldness, where the body’s immune cells mistakenly attack hair follicles.
• Thyroid Disorders: The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate many body functions, including hair growth. Abnormal thyroid hormone levels can affect hair health, causing thinning or loss.
• Iron Deficiency: Insufficient iron intake can cause Telogen Effluvium, a condition that increases hair shedding. Many people wonder what to eat for excessive hair loss; the answer is to supplement with iron-rich foods or consult a specialist for personalized advice.
• Stress: Stress can trigger temporary hair loss called Telogen Effluvium, where many hair follicles enter the resting phase simultaneously, leading to increased shedding over a short period.

Common side effects of prescription finasteride tablets:

• Erectile dysfunction (difficulty achieving a full erection)
• Reduced libido (decreased sexual desire)
• Ejaculation problems

Topical minoxidil:

• Scalp itching or dermatitis (inflammation of the skin)
• Unwanted hair growth in other areas (outside the scalp)

Caffeine shampoos:

• Temporary increased hair thinning/shedding
• Hair color change or staining
• Itching or scalp irritation

For the full list of possible side effects, always read the patient information leaflet supplied with the product.

How to manage / cope with side effects from hair-loss treatments

Most side effects are mild and manageable at home. Measures include:

• Use gentle hair care: handle thinning hair carefully — use soft-bristle brushes or wide-tooth combs, wash less often as needed, choose a mild shampoo, and pat hair dry with a soft towel rather than rubbing aggressively. These steps help reduce irritation and are practical first steps if you’re asking “what to do for hair loss.”
• Protect your scalp from the sun: apply sunscreen to exposed scalp areas, wear a hat, scarf, or head covering when outdoors to reduce sun damage.
• Moisturize the scalp: if the scalp is dry or itchy, use a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer to reduce dryness and itching (helpful when starting initial hair-loss care).
• If you experience bothersome symptoms that affect daily life, or sexual side effects after starting medication, stop the treatment and consult a specialist promptly for reassessment.

Are hair-loss treatments suitable for everyone?

Not always. Some hair-loss treatments—especially prescription medications—may not be suitable for certain people depending on sex, age, medical conditions, the cause of hair loss, and other medications being used.

Finasteride tablets (prescription) may be inappropriate if you:

• Are female
• Are allergic to any component of the medicine
• Are already taking finasteride or dutasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Topical minoxidil may be inappropriate if you:

• Are female under 18 or over 65 years old
• Have had allergic reactions or irritation from minoxidil, ethanol, or propylene glycol
• Are unsure whether your hair loss is hereditary
• Have medication-induced hair loss, complete scalp baldness, or uncontrolled high blood pressure
• Have an existing scalp condition (e.g., rash, inflammation, sensitive skin)
• Are using other topical scalp treatments (e.g., dithranol, tretinoin, corticosteroids, petrolatum)

If you are currently experiencing excessive hair loss and are unsure of the cause, start with an assessment to determine the cause — choosing a treatment targeted to the underlying cause is the safest and most effective “fix” for hair loss.

There are many things you can do to promote healthy hair and prevent hair loss. Even if your hair concerns are genetic, these lifestyle adjustments can be highly beneficial when combined with other hair loss treatments to support overall health:

1. Eat a Nutritious Diet

Choosing a diet rich in essential nutrients such as protein, iron, and zinc helps promote hair health and nourishes hair follicles. If you are wondering what to eat for excessive hair loss, focusing on these nutrients is the best starting point.

2. Manage Stress

Chronic accumulated stress is a significant factor that causes excessive hair loss. Practicing mindfulness and stress-reduction techniques—such as exercise, meditation, spending time outdoors, or socializing—all have a positive impact on your hair.

3. Exercise Regularly

Regular physical activity improves overall health and may indirectly support hair growth by increasing blood circulation to the scalp and hair follicles, as well as helping to lower stress levels.

4. Quit Smoking

Research indicates that men who smoke are 1.8 times more likely to experience male pattern baldness than those who have never smoked. Therefore, quitting smoking is a highly effective and clear solution for men facing excessive hair loss.

5. Sun Protection

While sunlight is not a direct cause of hair loss, prolonged exposure to intense sun can damage the hair and scalp, making hair strands fine, brittle, and more prone to falling out. You should apply sunscreen (especially on thinning areas) or wear a hat to protect your scalp from UV rays.

6. Manage Underlying Health Conditions

Managing medical conditions that might be the root cause of your hair loss, such as thyroid disorders, can help prevent or control shedding. Regularly check your health and consult a specialist regarding any medications you are taking.

7. Handle Hair Gently

Use a soft-bristle brush or a wide-tooth comb to style thinning hair. Wash with a mild shampoo and pat your hair dry instead of rubbing it aggressively. Additionally, avoid styling products with harsh chemicals or excessive heat that can damage hair strands.

8. Consider Supplements

Taking regular supplements, such as Biotin or Zinc, may help promote healthier hair growth, although individual results may vary based on body condition and response.

What happens if I stop using hair loss treatments?

If you stop using hair loss treatments, your natural hair growth cycle will gradually return to its previous state. This means you may experience excessive hair loss again, and your hair thinning pattern will likely return to how it was before you started the treatment.

What should I do if I miss a dose of my hair loss treatment?

If you miss a day, do not double the dose to compensate. The general guideline (specifically for finasteride tablets) is:

• Less than 6 hours late: Take it as soon as you remember.
• More than 6 hours late: Skip that dose and take your next dose at the usual time.

Can hair grow back?

Yes, there is a chance for hair to grow back, but it depends on the underlying cause of the hair loss. If it is caused by reversible factors (such as illness, stress, or nutritional deficiencies) or if it is hereditary but managed early, there is a possibility of regrowth or at least slowing down further loss.

Do hair loss treatments make hair thicker?

Some treatments can help hair appear thicker. Specifically, topical treatments like minoxidil may increase hair thickness and support new growth.

Can vitamin deficiencies cause hair loss?

Yes, deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals can lead to thinning and hair loss. Examples include Vitamin D, B12, and minerals like Iron and Zinc. If you are wondering what to eat for excessive hair loss, checking your levels of these nutrients is a good place to start.

How do I know if I am losing too much hair?

Losing about 50–100 strands of hair per day is generally considered normal. However, you should be concerned if you notice:

• Significantly more hair than usual in your brush or comb.
• An unusual amount of hair in the shower or drain.
• Visible thinning or patchy bald spots.
  
  These may be signs of excessive hair loss. It is recommended to consult a specialist to find the right hair loss solution for your specific cause as soon as possible.

Can low testosterone cause hair loss?

Yes. While most people associate hair loss with high testosterone, low testosterone levels can also be linked to thinning or hair loss. However, the key issue is often not just the total amount of testosterone, but rather the body's sensitivity to DHT. If there is high DHT in the body and the hair follicles are sensitive to it, the follicles may shrink, leading to thinning and excessive hair loss.